Мария, Царица небес {3130}
Maria, Queen of Heaven
- автор:
- Мастер Легенды о св. Лукие
- Master of the St Lucy Legend
- история:
- Records suggest that the work was commissioned by an aristocratic constable of Castile whose daughter was abbess of the convent.
- перемещение:
- монастырь св. Клары, около Бургос на севере центральной Испании (1500 - )
- convent of Santa Clara, near Burgos in north central Spain
Вашингтон: Нац. гал.
- Washington: NGA
- композиция:
- Мария, Царица небес
- Maria, Queen of Heaven
- композиция:
- БР с молитвенно сложенными пред грудью руками возносится ангелами над землёй.
- На небесах восседают Бог Отец и Христос с короной. Над ней парит Св. Дух.
- This unusually large splendid painting depicts a mystic glorification of the Virgin. Hovering angels, garbed in silks and brocades of every conceivable hue, attend a central image of Maria and surround a smaller, upper vision of her heavenly throne.
- On either side of the Virgin's head, singing angels hold musical scores that can be read as the Ave Regina Celorum, a hymn beginning with the words "Hail, Queen of the Heavens."
- With a fusion of subjects, Maria, Queen of Heaven combines three sacred events from the legend of the Virgin.
- Непорочное зачатие
- The Immaculate Conception
- композиция:
- The Immaculate Conception, representing Maria's freedom from Original Sin, traditionally shows "a woman arrayed with the sun, and a moon under her feet" (Revelation 12:1).
- In the picture, sunbeams rendered in gold leaf blaze behind Maria's head and feet, and a crescent moon supports Her.
- Вознесение БР
- Ascension of Virgin
- композиция:
- Three days after Maria's death, seraphim bore Her to heaven. In this Assumption of the Virgin theme, an open sarcophagus is usually displayed but is absent here.
- In place of the coffin is a serene and peaceful landscape that may refer to a commonly held idea that, at the Assumption, the world was cleansed by the Virgin's purity.
- Коронование БР
- Coronation of the Virgin
- композиция:
- The third subject is the Coronation of the Virgin. Above Her head, the clouds roll back to reveal heaven, with God the Father and Christ the Son holding a crown, above which hovers the dove of the Holy Spirit.
- Maria's coronation is only implied here, since She has not yet risen to join the Trinity.
- With its overlapping symbolism, spectacular flurry of ecclesiastical robes, and flutter of iridescent wings, Maria, Queen of Heaven is the Master of the St Lucy Legend's most sumptuous and ambitious achievement.
- музыка Возрождения:
- Renaissance Music:
- In addition to its radiant beauty and complicated theology, Maria, Queen of Heaven is an exceptionally important document for the history of music.
- The painting portrays Renaissance instruments with great accuracy, as they would have been played during 15th-century performances.
- In actual church services, however, this many orchestras and choirs would seldom have been used simultaneously.
- Eight instrumentalists surround the Virgin, for instance, while only four singers immediately flank her head.
- Since many of these instruments, such as the trumpet and woodwinds, would have been considered "loud", they would have overwhelmed the chorus.
- On the left side, starting in the top corner, an angel in white blows a tenor or alto shawm, a precursor of the English horn. Beside him, an angel in wine red robes strums a Gothic harp.
- A brass trumpet is held by the figure in lilac blue, partially hidden behind the angel caressing Maria's shoulder.
- Dressed in pure yellow, another celestial musician pumps the bellows of a portative organ.
- In the top corner of the right side, an angel bows a vielle, an early form of violin. Next to him is a figure playing a soprano or treble shawm, a distant forerunner of the oboe.
- Halfway down the right side, an angel in cherry red plucks a lute, while, behind him, another shawm or woodwind is partly concealed behind olive green wings.
- The vocal quartet serenading Maria holds music with legible scores.
- The sheet to the left, which gives the painting its title, appears to be a variation on a motet, Hail, Queen of the Heavens, by Walter Frye (died 1474/1475), an English composer whose works were popular on the Continent.
- The sheet music to the right bears the word Tenor, which would be the voice that carries the melody.
- Among the clouds in the topmost portion, the musicians do correspond to actual usage. The orchestra at the right comprises "soft" instruments: three recorders, a lute, a dulcimer being struck by light hammers, and a harp.
- Two choruses are on the left of the Trinity. Both groups have one book of music each, suggesting that their singing is antiphonal and polyphonic.
- The upper choir, composed of winged angels in white robes, may represent a children's chorus.
- Overall, this encyclopedic combination of vocalists and "loud" and "soft" instrumentalists is unique in 15th-century painting.
- оформление:
- ~1485...1500.
- Oil on panel.
- 1638х2015; 1618х1992 - painted surface.
- предмет с изображением:
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